In order to ensure the safety, stable and longtime operation of PTA device, the on-line monitoring is implemented for the PTA device. The long-period operation monitoring of a device unit is realized and the monitoring data is analyzed. The mechanism of dynamic imbalance fault is dissected and the characteristics of the imbalance fault are summarized. On this basis, the fault of sudden imbalance (broken blade) of the steam turbine is precisely identified twice. And the valuable suggestion for guiding the enterprise production is proposed on time. Engineering application of the on-line monitoring and fault identification of the PTA device indicates that: (1) Study on the vibration mechanism and characteristics of faults of the devices can provide essential basis for fault diagnosis;(2) The early discovery and treatment of the device faults can greatly reduce the harm and economic loss; (3) The long-period monitoring and analysis of the operation data of the device can provide an effective guarantee for predicting the maintenance management. The application of the abnormal vibration analysis of PTA device has shown many advantages of the online monitoring and fault diagnosis, such as timeliness, full cyclic, and convenient, etc. and can be widely extended to engineering practice.